Studies in recent years have demonstrated that not BMI, but rather the visceral fat tissue correlates with cardiovascular morbidity, insulinresistance and type 2 diabetes. Now it is also known, that adipose tissue (mostly the visceral adipose tissue) is not an inert tissue, but with a metabolic flexibility, and it is also a neuroendocrin organ, which releases a multitude of substances, with endocrin, paracrine, and autocrine effect on lipid metabolism, eating behaviour and inflammation. These signals were recently discovered, as also other elements and systems (like the endocannabinoid system) of the energy balance regulation. All these substances are possible therapeutic targets.